DNA and social networks

In 2005 I visited Japan as a 'dam removal ambassador' to transmit knowledge gained from the Matilija Dam project. My gracious hosts from River Policy Network provided many opportunities to meet others and speak about ecosystem restoration.

Toward the end of the trip, one of my new friends said he had a gift for me. But first he had to explain. Since I understand no Japanese whatsoever, and his English is limited, he started drawing on a napkin. After much hand waving I recognized his sketch as a virus, and understood him to be describing viral replication, which involves synthesis of viral DNA. Hmmmm.



He then handed me this. He went on to tell me that on his trip to Matilija Dam the previous year he had collected a piece of concrete from the crumbling structure. The 'virus' in the test tube was created using this 'DNA.' Recognizing Matilija Dam to be one of the world's first large dam removal efforts, he has made many of these to present to each of the dam removal activists he encounters.

WOW. Dam removal DNA. A disease? Or an idea to be replicated?







Social scientists have developed tools to describe this. A social network map shows the connections that exist between people and/or organizations (nodes.) Network maps are a way of making visible and understanding relationships that are often otherwise invisible. The maps can show important features of the network that can be acted upon to leverage the network to produce better outcomes in the community.

At a West Coast Ecosystem Based Management (EBM) Network meeting this year, a social network diagram was presented based upon an on-line survey that each participant had completed. Looking at the beginnings of a social network model for EBM I could envision my connections within the small community of awareness that is evolving within the Ventura River watershed, and the growing network of links that literally reach around the world.




Jim Moriarty often speaks of DNA. And this idea was wonderfully communicated in What the BLEEP Do We Know
Here's one way of viewing it: as each of us 'infects' others with this 'DNA' we begin to build a critical mass. This increase in social awareness is the bare minimum that will be required to implement real-world changes to restore the global ecosystems upon which we depend for survival.

As my gift from Japan demonstrates, despite cultural and language barriers, our DNA, our social network, reaches around the globe.

Human impacts and Ecosystem-based management

Map detailing human's impact on the ocean reveals surprising data:

The March 22 article in the Ventura County Star summarizes a recent report that analysed human impacts on the world ocean. Turns out, there's not much we are not impacting, perhaps only 4%. And looking at the maps it is evident that human impacts are most intense in areas of high population density and industrial activity, including fishing.

In 2005, the Joint Ocean Commission formally recognized the broad extent of human impact on the ocean, and made recommendations for the United States to take leadership action on the ocean crisis. The fundamental message is that current policy and governance is not working, and we need to adopt an Ecosystem-based approach to management decisions at every level of our society.

Meanwhile, local folks around the world are working at the community level to implement change. It is clear that those who use and enjoy the ocean, its diversity of life, and the wilderness that begins at the shoreline, are willing to dedicate their time and energy. Surfrider Foundation activists embody this spirit, and are getting organized on the west coast.

With programs in Washington, Oregon, and California, we have been working to develop community-led examples of Ecosystem-based Management. Each of these projects is very different, ranging from marine/fisheries management to watershed restoration.

In Ventura, CA, our program includes coastal restoration, large dam removal, watershed management, and urban renewal. We recognize that each of these programs is integrally connected to the other, and the health of the oceans and our community depends upon finding solutions to undo past mistakes and create a sustainable future. We invite everyone to get involved in their watershed through our events and programs.

Dam Removal at SRF 2008

On March 5-8, 2008, the Salmonid Restoration Federation (SRF) hosted their annual meeting in Lodi, California. This years conference included talks about the central valley of California, where water diversions have left many once-great rivers bone dry, and the once-vast wetlands of the San Francisco Bay-Delta are on the brink of ecological collapse. Most of the dams here are destined to stay in place for the forseeable future, and complex work-arounds are being considered to restore water where there is none, without removing the existing infrastructure.

As a speaker in the dam removal panel, however, I felt privileged to learn of the latest developments on the cutting edge of a new era in river restoration. To anyone who has played with water as a kid (or adult), there is nothing more alluring than the concept of removing a dam. Large or small, it's something we can all relate to - a river is either free-flowing or it's not. But the actual transition from a river blocked by a dam and decades worth of sediment, to one that runs free, is a technical and scientific frontier. This has been done only a handful of times, and at relatively small scales.

The crux of the issue in removing a dam is not concrete demolition. It's sediment management. The nature of that sediment, and more importantly how we have treated the river downstream, dictate how a dam may be removed.




MECHANICAL TRANSPORT: If the material trapped behind a dam is contaminated, in the case of a mine for instance, it may not be released downstream, but rather must be removed by mechanical means. Think trucks. Lots of trucks, or perhaps a conveyor.








STABILIZE IN PLACE: In cases where development has encroached on the downstream floodplain, and mechanical transport may be cost prohibitive or infeasible due to the sheer volume, or lack of roads, creating a channel and stabilizing the sediment upstream may make sense.







NATURAL TRANSPORT is the method that really tweaks the imagination. "Blow and Go" makes sense when there is no downstream risk, but until recently this has not been done on a very large scale.






The panel of experts presented cases in which each of these methods has been used, or is being planned. But the highlight of the discussion at SRF was a presentation by Gordon Grant on Marmot Dam. Last October, this 50 foot dam on the Sandy River in Oregon was removed. A coffer dam was placed upstream to temporarily divert the river while the concrete was being blasted, then the river was allowed to do the work.

Watch and learn.



No one predicted the power of the river to restore itself. Flowing water arranged the sediment nicely downstream, and fish returned almost immediately to the Sandy River. See the documentary and more videos here

Ocean Protection Council watershed tour

On Thursday February 28, 2008, the California Ocean Protection Council toured the Ventura River Watershed. The tour began at the Ventura County Government Center where the Watershed Protection District gave a short presentation describing the Matilija Dam Ecosystem Restoration project. The council members were then treated to a helicopter flight over the watershed, offering aerial views of the river and Matilija Dam. Vans transported other participants to the dam, where short presentations were given over a picnic lunch. Matilija Dam is slated for removal in 2013, and the project has been endorsed by the Ocean Protection Council and largely funded by the California Coastal Conservancy. The tour gave an opportunity for these policy makers to experience the dam and river for themselves.

The next stop was the beach at the mouth of the river, where Ventura City Councilman Brian Brennan gave an overview of the Surfers Point Managed Retreat project. The final design for this project is almost complete, and with funding construction could begin this year.

Finally, the group took a look at the Sanjon outfall at San Buenaventura State Beach. This site has been identified as an impairment to coastal water quality, a problem that we believe can be solved. Surfrider's proposal for wetlands and urban watershed restoration at this site was met with great interest, as it provides an integrated approach to stormwater management.

Tour participants were also invited to an after-hours reception at Jonathan's in downtown Ventura. We hope our guests learned the reasons we love this area, and why we are dedicated to protecting and restoring our coast and watershed.

Ojai Valley Green Coalition - Watershed Committee

The mission of the Ojai Valley Green Coalition is to bring together community organizations, government, schools, businesses, and people of all ages to make the Ojai Valley a model green and sustainable community.

Formed in 2007, motivated by Al Gore's An Inconvenient Truth, the OVGC has organized committees to work as a community toward a sustainable future. These include

• Building / Construction
• Energy
• Environmental Health
• Food and Agriculture
• Transportation
• Waste Management
• Watershed

The watershed committee was originally called the "Water and Land Use" committee, but after several meetings the consensus was to rename it according to the primary goal of enhancing the awareness of the interconnectivity of everything within the "drainage basin" that defines the Ventura River WATERSHED.

OVGC WATERSHED COMMITTEE Mission Statement:

... to balance and integrate people and living systems through a healthy sustainable watershed.

As the committee gets organized, initial goals and project ideas include the following:

Education and Information Projects :
(Our target audiences will be the general public, policy makers and schools.)

a) Present an evening program to educate the coalition about the watershed
b) Develop a document about the watershed to include a vision for the watershed
c) Get existing videos about the watershed on local cable
d) Compile and distribute BASIC Water Conservation information

Policy issues:

a) Draft ideas to present to Ojai City Council – i.e. IMPLEMENT Magney Urban Creeks Plan
b) Draft ideas for the Ventura River Watershed Council
c) Stakeholder Watershed Plan

Direct action:

a) Create Watershed Map – put on internet – Google Maps(?)
b) Install Watershed signs when one enters the area or to identify waterways in the area
c) Support policies of Ojai Trees, regenerating the urban forest through citizen action
d) Create a watershed website
e) Promote legislation to outlaw invasive plants like Arundo
f) Demonstrate the use of swales and private ocean friendly/drought-tolerant gardens in Ojai
g) Presentations to homeowners groups/institutions

To get involved, Watershed Committee meetings are held at 7 p.m. on the first Thursday of the month at either the Chaparral Auditorium or Ojai School District Board Room. Check the OVGC website for upcoming dates: Ojai Valley Green Coalition

Steelhead take advantage of wet winter

Steelhead in the news...

more info here: http://ojaivalleynews.blogspot.com/2008/02/three-steelhead-seen-climbing-fish.html

This is the press release from Casitas Water District:

Endangered Steelhead Swim Up Casitas’ Fish Ladder

February 1, 2008 - Recent rains have enticed endangered steelhead trout to make a spawning run up the Ventura River. On Thursday January 31, 2008 the first adult steelhead of the year was detected by new camera’s installed at Casitas’ Robles Fish Passage Facility, a fish ladder completed in December of 2004 to allow steelhead to swim upstream on the Ventura River.

Scott Lewis, Casitas’ Fisheries Biologist, said, “Preliminary results indicate the first adult steelhead swam past our fish counter at about 1:30 p.m. on Thursday. The fish was estimated to be about 21 inches long.” Lewis determined that this fish is likely a steelhead by reviewing photos taken of the fish, as it passed through the Robles Fish Passage Facility, and comparing characteristics known to be associated with adult steelhead. “This is exciting news that we have been able to identify steelhead utilizing our fish ladder,” stated Lewis. A second adult steelhead was spotted at 2:45 a.m. this Friday and was estimated to be approximately 25 inches long. Casitas will continuously be monitoring the fish passage for any additional steelhead migration occurring on the Ventura River. A 13-inch rainbow trout was also recorded at about 5:00 a.m. on Friday morning.

Steelhead are rainbow trout that migrate to the ocean to grow much larger from abundant ocean food sources and return to freshwater to spawn. After spending one to two years in freshwater, the juvenile fish migrate downstream to the ocean were they spend 1-2 years growing to adults. The rainbow trout, on the other hand, will spend their entire lives in fresh water and spawn when they become adults.

This video is from 2005 and shows how the Vaki Riverwatcher fish counter detects migrating adults. The scale in the background is used to approximate the size of any fish passing through.



This is an aerial view of the diversion dam and fish passage facility following the high flows of the 2005 storms. Robles diverts water into Lake Casitas from the Ventura River when enough flow is present. Historically, the facility also diverted steelhead smolt into the lake, while blocking upstream migration of adult fish. The fish passage facility was designed to solve these problems by screening diverted water and providing an artificial "ladder" over the diversion dam. Migrating fish can now swim upstream as far as Matilija Dam and the Ojai Quarry.

The diagram below was published by Casitas Water District while the facility was being constructed in 2003, and includes a description of the steelhead lifecycle and diversion operations. More information from the water district is available here. And more news here: http://ojaivalleynews.blogspot.com/2008/02/three-steelhead-seen-climbing-fish.html

Urban Watershed Planning - Ventura CA

This is an excerpt from our document, "Solving the Urban Runoff Problem: A Vision for the Urban Watershed - Ventura, California"

Over the past year, the Surfrider Foundation has been working on developing a vision for solving the urban runoff problem in the city of Ventura. We have used GIS to map the existing storm drain infrastructure and analyze aerial photos to identify potential opportunities within the watershed. Following site visits, we identified several areas in this subwatershed with potential for stormwater projects.

This image shows opportunities for "low impact development" (LID) retrofit within the Sanjon drainage. First, there are several large parking areas (purple) that connect directly to the storm drain system. LID retrofit of these impervious areas could be achieved, effectively reducing a significant percentage of the urban runoff entering the system.

Secondly, there are two large irrigated recreational areas (green); Cemetery Park and Cabrillo Middle School. In researching projects elsewhere, we found examples that demonstrate the feasibility of using storage cisterns to capture stormwater for later use on landscape irrigation. These open spaces also provide opportunity for constructed bioswales or infiltration trenches, landscaped with either native trees and shrubs, or grassy swales. These may be engineered to provide storage, retention and filtration for a specified design storm capacity, typically a one inch rainfall event.

Finally, and perhaps most importantly, we have outlined an opportunity for Coastal Wetlands and Urban Creek Restoration within the lower Sanjon drainage. Coastal wetlands serve a well-documented function in the coastal zone. Ecosystem benefits include wildlife and fisheries habitat, as well as water quality enhancement in the final stages before discharge to receiving waters. In the case of Sanjon barranca, this function has been entirely eliminated through concrete infrastructure.

Restoring the historic creeks and wetlands at this site would provide significant benefits. The process of “daylighting” creeks has been achieved elsewhere, and wetland creation and restoration has become a proven means of achieving water quality objectives.

This vision is intended to provide a conceptual starting point for an urban watershed plan. The purpose is to illustrate the many opportunities that exist, and provoke a community dialog on how to achieve the city vision, which states:

Our goal is to be a model for other communities of environmental responsibility, living in balance with our natural setting of coastline, rivers, and hillside ecosystems.
- City of Ventura General Plan 2005